Teenagers between the ages of 15 and 17 are in the stage of adolescence where they’re beginning to leave childhood behind and prepare for young adulthood. While adolescence continues into the early 20s as their brains continue to develop, teens in middle adolescence are starting to transition into young adults. Because they are bridging childhood and emerging adulthood, this can be one of the hardest teenage developmental stages.
Many changes happen to young people during this time. Most teenagers are reaching the developmental stages of adolescence during high school, as they begin to explore intimate relationships and spend less time at home with their families.
Middle adolescence can be a very difficult time for teens. Peer pressure, physical development, and the desire to fit in but also differentiate themselves as their own person are some of the challenges that teens face during this developmental period. Parents of teenagers can help by promoting healthy choices, good decisions, and social and emotional growth. Parents also need to pay attention to warning signs of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, self-harming behaviors, and eating disorders.
What Is the Developmental Stage of a 15-Year-Old?
Middle adolescence begins at the age of 15, when kids are continuing to develop physically, cognitively, and emotionally. During mid-adolescence (between the ages of 12 and 14), teens begin to go through puberty, explore new relationships, and test boundaries. By age 15, kids are considered teenagers in the middle adolescent stage of development.
At this age, teens typically are new to high school and are learning a whole new way of socializing. Romantic relationships start to develop around this age, which can be difficult for both parents and teens to navigate. Sexual activity is new and exciting, but it’s important that you talk with your teen about sex if you haven’t already.
Peer pressure, while always a challenge for young people, becomes more heightened during this teenage developmental stage. While 13- and 14-year-olds are still young teenagers, as they turn 15 and enter high school they watch and learn from older kids. In general, 15-year-olds want to be seen as more grown up and less childlike. Popularity becomes a big deal; they want to fit in with the “cool kids.” Therefore, parents of 15-year-olds should watch out for dangerous behaviors, such as experimenting with alcohol or drugs and getting into sexually intimate relationships before they are developmentally ready.
Teenage Developmental Stages for Middle Adolescents
In general, teenage developmental milestones shift every two to three years. This is because teenagers are developing so quickly. Adolescent stages of development can be divided into three different stages. Middle adolescence, as the name suggests, is the teenage developmental stage in the middle, which can make it one of the most turbulent.
Teenagers ages 15 to 17 are no longer considered children but are not yet in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, they take on more responsibilities, such as learning to drive, getting a job, and enjoying more freedom to socialize and spend time with friends. There are many factors that can challenge teens at this age as they explore their identities, their relationships with themselves and others, their bodies, and mental health challenges that may arise.
There are several teenage developmental milestones that need to be met during this stage of development. These include physical, social, cognitive, and behavioral milestones.
Puberty Continues: Physical Changes and How They Affect Teens
Some kids are early bloomers and may have begun experiencing puberty as early as age 9, when they’re considered pre-teens. Others take a little longer to physically develop. By middle adolescence, most boys are growing facial hair and their voices are dropping. Girls continue to develop breasts and start menstruating. Many teenagers experience acne. These are all signs of teenage puberty.
This stage of development is often fraught with self-consciousness, body image issues, and a desire to fit in. Peer pressure, rumors, mean girl behaviors, teasing, and harassment can be scarring for teens. One of the primary things that teens get teased about is their appearance. For example, girls who develop large breasts may be harassed. Or kids might spread rumors about girls who are more physically developed than their peers, calling them “slutty.” The negative mental health impacts of this treatment can be devastating.
In addition, there’s another level to teenage development milestones at this age that can trigger teen mental health challenges, particularly depression, isolation, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm. Teenagers who are transgender, non-binary, gender-fluid, or have other nonconforming gender identities may feel trapped in a body that doesn’t match their identity. This can be very difficult for people to understand, including the teen experiencing it. Parents of teens who don’t identify with their sex assigned at birth can support their LGBTQ children by accepting, understanding, and affirming them and their identity.
Cognitive Developmental Milestones for Teens Ages 15 to 17
While pre-teens and younger teenagers think in concrete ways, 15 to 17-year-olds develop more logical operations. This means that they are actively problem-solving. Their view of the world is changing. They think about their emotions with more complexity.
Middle teenagers’ cognition is starting to develop into a more mature level of functioning. They are able to perceive and interpret situations, thoughts, emotions, and ideas with more maturity. Teens ages 15 to 17 can apply logic and reason to situations in more nuanced ways. They’re able to have more in-depth conversations and think more philosophically than before. Teens who can reach this level of cognition at this teenage developmental stage are meeting their developmental milestones.
This change in cognition can also mean that teenagers argue more with their parents. Because they start to apply logical thinking to situations, they might become stubborn in their thought processes and believe that what they think is correct and that their parents must be wrong. It’s up to parents of teenagers in middle adolescence to help their teens learn how to have a conversation that doesn’t escalate into fights and yelling.
Behavioral Developmental Milestones in Mid-Adolescence
Aside from an increase in arguments, teenagers between the ages of 15 and 17 begin to act out and rebel against their parents. They may start pushing boundaries such as staying out past curfew, sneaking out to meet with friends, and engaging in risky behaviors such as experimenting with drugs, alcohol, smoking, and sex.
Teens at this developmental stage rationalize their behaviors and choices. For example, if a teenager lives in a state where marijuana is legal, they may think “if it’s legal, it can’t be bad for me, so what’s the big deal if I smoke weed?” At this level of cognitive development, teens think more deeply about things, but they aren’t necessarily able to make the healthiest decision as a result.
Moreover, middle adolescents want to fit in with their peers. This could lead to reckless behaviors such as skipping class, using drugs or alcohol at parties, “borrowing” a parent’s car, and driving either without a license or under the influence. While not all teenage behavior at this stage is negative, parents need to keep an eye out for risky behaviors and encourage their teens to engage in healthy activities with friends and family.
Signs of Mental Health Issues in Middle Adolescents
Teenagers are known for being moody. But sometimes that moodiness is masking something more serious. Many teenagers between the ages of 15 and 17 experience worsening social anxiety, depression, and isolation. Serious mental illnesses such as eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicidal thoughts can occur.
Parents of teenagers this age should be on the lookout for certain shifts in behavior that could indicate a serious mental health issue rather than just teenage angst. It’s crucial that parents advocate for their teenagers and ensure they get additional support if needed. Therapy can help teenagers explore and process the challenges they’re facing. If your child is struggling with their mental health, be sure to normalize their experience. Let them know that there is nothing “wrong” with them, that they’ve done nothing wrong, and that there is hope and help available.
Red Flag Behaviors to Watch for in Middle Adolescence
During middle adolescence, teenagers between the ages of 15 and 17 may exhibit signs of mental health challenges. Some red flags to keep an eye out for are changes in:
- Sleep
- Feelings of guilt and shame
- Energy level
- Concentration
- Completing tasks
- Appetite
- Motivation
- Thoughts of suicide
Help your teen feel comfortable talking to you about difficult topics by cultivating an environment of safety and open communication. Compassion and nonjudgmental conversations can make a tremendous positive impact on your teen’s well-being.
Treatment for Mental Health Issues in Middle Adolescence
For parents of teens between the ages of 15 and 17, you don’t have to do this alone. Therapy is a great option to support your teen’s mental health.
At Newport Academy, we support young people ages 12–18 to build healthy emotional regulation, form a strong sense of self, and make positive connections with peers and mentors. If you need help finding age-appropriate resources in your area, contact us. We’re here to help you and your child navigate the teenage developmental stages and the mental health challenges that accompany this stage.
Key Takeaways
- In general, 15-year-olds, while on the young side of the spectrum of middle adolescence, are starting to become more complex as they enter middle adolescence and experience high school, evolving friendships, and romantic relationships.
- Puberty is still in process for most teens between the ages of 15 and 17. This can cause self-consciousness, result in teasing from peers, and create dissonance and distress for transgender and non-binary teenagers.
- Cognitive development in middle adolescence shows that teenagers are able to problem solve and think about emotions and situations in a more complex way than previous developmental stages.
- Behavioral development in middle adolescence includes an increase in desire for independence, which can result in more arguments with parents and risky behaviors such as smoking, drinking, doing drugs, and having sex.
- Moodiness in teenagers can be a mask for underlying mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. Parents of teenagers this age should provide nonjudgmental, open communication with their kids to prevent serious consequences of mental health challenges.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Middle Adolescent Teenage Developmental Stages
For teenagers, social development is crucial when it comes to meeting teenage developmental milestones. Teens between the ages of 15 and 17 are expanding their social circles, deciding who they want to be friends with, and are engaging in romantic relationships.
Girls at the age of 15 are learning about their bodies and their emotions. Because they are in the middle of puberty, body image and self-esteem are especially important factors in a 15-year-old girl’s mental health. Girls this age want to be liked and accepted and may succumb to peer pressure more easily than when they were younger.
By the time kids reach the age of 17 they are experimenting with boundaries. While they are getting ready to leave high school, their brains aren’t fully developed enough to allow them to make completely rational decisions. Many teens this age experiment with sex, drugs, smoking, and alcohol. Many 17-year-olds are driving and might push the limits between safe behavior and risky behavior.